91�� Research - Mineral Beneficiation

Other Beneficiation Methods

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 10 Jun 2013 19:36:01 +0000

Many other methods have been used for minerals beneficiation. Electrostatic separation utilizes the difference in electrical conductivity between the mineral and the gangue. Air tabling relies upon particle density and shape for separation. Other methods exploit characteristics such as color, radioactivity, and heat capacity. The selection and application of the appropriate beneficiation methods are vital to the economic success of every mineral processing venture. 91��'s expertise includes the full range of mineral processing technologies, and our experienced metallurgical staff can provide accurate, timely, and cost-effective solutions to your mineral processing and beneficiation problems.

Introduction Copy:

The intelligent selection and application of the appropriate beneficiation methods are vital to the economic success of every mineral processing venture.

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Mineral Beneficiation

Magnetic Separation

hazen-research-admin — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 22:31:34 +0000

While gravity separation and froth flotation are two important processes for mineral beneficiation, other methods can be used to concentrate minerals and separate them from gangue and each other.

Paramagnetic minerals, such as ilmenite and garnet, are separated commercially with higher-strength magnets of up to 20,000 gauss, such as the induced roll. With the development of the high-strength rare-earth permanent magnets, it has become possible to achieve greater capacities on coarser materials at high field strengths. 91�� is knowledgeable and equipped to undertake studies for the separation of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals using a large variety of commercially available magnetic separators. We cooperate with magnet manufacturers to study the new superconducting magnets, both wet and dry, which have field strengths up to 50,000 gauss.

Introduction Copy:

Magnetic separation is of growing interest because of new developments in high-field-strength magnets. Concentration of iron ore with low-intensity magnetic separators has been used for decades in the recovery of magnetite.

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Mineral Beneficiation

Froth Flotation

hazen-research-admin — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 22:27:55 +0000

At 91��, our knowledge and experience in this field include the commonplace and the exotic. We have studied not only the flotation of sulfides, gold ores, iron ores, coal, oil shale, and many other nonmetallics, but also soluble salts, oxides, and some uncommon materials from waste streams.

Flotation techniques we have used in addition to the ordinary air-froth type include unusual procedures such as ion, precipitate, and agglomeration flotation using inert gas, air, or in situ gas generation. We have applied dissolved air flotation to special situations and are familiar with various forms of "piggyback" flotation procedures. Some of our projects have required the development of novel reagent combinations or unique adaptations and the construction of special equipment. Where it has been beneficial to the client, we have aided in the design and installation of unique commercial flotation recovery circuits, complete with startup assistance and operator training.

The relationship between mineralogy and successful flotation is sometimes overlooked. 91�� maintains a complete Mineralogy Laboratory that supports flotation studies at the bench scale, in the pilot plant, and in the operating commercial plant. A fully equipped analytical laboratory is vital for successful and economical test work, and analytical support is an integral part of nearly all 91�� projects.

Introduction Copy:

Froth flotation for separating discrete mineral particles from gangue was developed in the early 1900s and depends upon differences in the surface chemistry of the mineral species involved.

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Mineral Beneficiation

Gravity Separation

hazen-research-admin — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 22:16:40 +0000

Gravity separation, relies on the difference in density of the mineral and the gangue. This technology can be applied to primary recovery, preconcentration, and final upgrading, as well as recycling and soil washing. 91��'s gravity concentration facilities are among the finest in the world.

Our laboratories contain small jigs, shaking tables, a Knelson concentrator, a Mozley vanner, and heavy-media separation equipment. Preliminary closed-circuit tests can be made with as little as a few kilograms of feed material.

The pilot-scale facilities are equipped to handle a variety of test programs on a larger scale. Samples as large as several tons can be fed continuously, either wet or dry, to the different concentrating units. Variable-speed controls, automatic samplers, rate-monitored process water, and agitated interstage storage tanks complete the facilities.

Equipment in the Pilot-Scale Facilities:

An array of spirals
Wilfley, Deister, and Gemeni shaking tables
Reichert tray systems for pilot-scale 2.0- and 3.5-meter Reichert cone concentrators
Pilot- and small production-scale jigs
Cone and cyclone heavy-media separation systems

For Placer Gold Evaluations, the Gravity Facilities Have the Following:

A conventional washing sluice system (Gold Miser)
Standard sluices
Scrubber trommels
Mineral jigs
Spirals
Shaking tables
Gold Wheel
Knelson and Falcon centrifugal separators

Introduction Copy:

If a mineral exists in an ore as discrete particles separable from the worthless rock (gangue), it is possible to physically concentrate the valuable mineral and discard the gangue.

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Mineral Beneficiation

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 03 Jun 2013 21:44:17 +0000

91�� studies, tests, and develops new mineral beneficiation methods. We are qualified to perform laboratory and pilot plant studies using all types of beneficiating methods, and we have significant experience in the engineering design of operating plants and in production assistance. This capability is particularly important because laboratory and pilot plant activities are aimed toward practical, economical industrial operation.

Mineral beneficiation is the process of concentration, and was first described in Agricola's famous treatise, De Re Metallica, published in 1556. The earliest ores to be discovered and processed were of such high grade that they did not require beneficiation, and they satisfied mankind's needs for nearly 3,000 years. By the end of the Industrial Revolution, however, most of these direct-smelting ores had been consumed. Concentration was now necessary, but the means for achieving it were limited to simple mechanical schemes such as sluicing and screening or the most basic method of all, hand sorting. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the demand for metals overwhelmed such capabilities, and an array of new beneficiation techniques appeared: jigs, tables, spirals, and a truly revolutionary process called froth flotation.

Introduction Copy:

Vast quantities of metals and minerals are essential to the survival of industrial societies. Most of these commodities do not occur naturally in forms suitable for direct use but must be concentrated and purified.

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Mineral Beneficiation

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91���� Research - Mineral Beneficiation

Other Beneficiation Methods

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Magnetic Separation

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Froth Flotation

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Gravity Separation

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Mineral Beneficiation

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91�� Research - Mineral Beneficiation

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