91�� Research - Environmental

Soil Remediation and Washing

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 10 Jun 2013 21:08:33 +0000

91��'s soil sample evaluations may include the following factors:

Type of contamination
The extent of the contamination, for example, in soil or groundwater
Regulatory requirements
Risk to human health

If you have a project, please Contact Us to speak to a 91�� Engineer.

Past Projects, Facilities, and Permitting

Examples of projects conducted at 91��:

Recovery of lead, plastic, and ebonite from soil at a CERCLA battery-processing site.
Decontamination of high-clay soil, using a proprietary organic solvent.
Concentration of soil radioactivity into the fines fraction.
Removal of uranium from mixed waste.
Removal of organic chemicals from steel plant waste.
Construction and operation of a mobile soil-washing pilot plant.
Concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons into fines feed for a slurry bioreactor.
Removal of chromium and other RCRA metals from soil.

91��'s facilities include equipment designed for the following various soil remediation unit operations:

Materials Handling
Ion Exchange
Solvent Extraction
Scrubbing
Solid/Liquid Separation
Screening and Classification
Filtration
Gravity Separation
Magnetic Separation
Froth Flotation
Electrostatic Separation
Leaching
Drying

91�� has obtained several permits that allow it to perform hazardous-waste testing. These include:

Treatability Testing
Most hazardous-waste studies at 91�� are conducted under treatability exclusion 40 CFR 261.4(f). 91�� has fulfilled all Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) notification requirements and has received authorization to perform these studies. All treatability studies are subject to sample size limitations. For most soils and debris contaminated with characteristic and listed hazardous wastes, the maximum sample size is 10,000 kilograms per waste stream. Exceptions are the samples identified as extremely hazardous P Code wastes, which are limited to one kilogram per waste stream, and D Code and K Code wastes, which are limited to 1,000 kilograms per waste stream.
RD&D Testing
For those hazardous-waste projects requiring larger sample quantities than are allowed under the treatability exclusion, 91�� can request an RD&D permit from the CDPHE. A separate permit application is made for each specific project. Studies involving hazardous waste that require an RD&D permit can use a much larger quantity of sample, but the regulatory requirements are more stringent than those for the treatability studies.
TSCA Permit
91�� has been permitted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct research and development tests to treat media contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Radioactive Materials Testing
91�� has been issued a Radioactive Materials License by Colorado, a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Agreement State. This license, Colorado Number 77-02, allows the transfer, receipt, possession, and use of certain radioactive materials.
Air Emission Regulations for Research Activities
91�� adheres to the air emission requirements for research and development activities set forth by the State of Colorado Air Pollution Control Division.

Soil Remediation by Washing Flowsheet

One method for soil remediation is soil washing. As illustrated in the flowsheet below, soil washing supplies mechanical energy and water to liberate contaminants from the surfaces of soil particles, and separates the more highly contaminated fines from coarser soil particles to reduce the volume of material requiring further treatment.

Simple Soil Remediation via Washing Studies Flowchart

Typical environmental problems involve contaminated soil, sludge, surface water, and ground water, usually containing widely distributed contaminants such as heavy metals, organics and their byproducts/decomposition products, and low-level radioactive materials. To develop an effective treatment for a contact-contaminated soil or other waste, it is necessary to understand its physical and chemical characteristics, including the distribution of the contaminants. Equally important is a firm understanding of the matrix in which the contaminant occurs. 91�� can provide this information by applying characterization techniques to wastes and contaminated soils. We offer expertise in the following areas:

Definition and determination of the chemical specification and contaminant distribution through the soil, contaminant and soil interactions, contaminant mobility/leachability, and soil composition (chemical, mineral, and particle size distribution).
Physical and chemical separation technologies currently applied in soil washing.
Material handling of solids, soils, slurries, sludges, and clay matrices.
Process engineering to translate the results of laboratory and pilot plant test results into viable commercial concepts and designs.
Specialty process equipment selection and fabrication for the environmental remediation industry, specializing in transportable and modular equipment.

Remediation via Bioreactor of Fuel-Contaminated Soils

A sample flowsheet to treat fuel-contaminated soils is shown below. In this method, microorganisms are used to degrade the contaminants in a bioreactor. Mineral processing unit operations include screening, crushing, scrubbing, fine screening, thickening, and filtering. The circuit produces feed for a slurry bioreactor followed by prepared-bed land treatment.

Flowsheet to Treat Fuel-Contaminated Soils from Air Force Base

Applying these technologies to environmental problems requires an understanding of the laws and regulations governing the treatment and handling of hazardous wastes. 91�� continually trains its personnel so that they stay knowledgeable and remain up to date in this rapidly changing environment.

Introduction Copy:

Soil washing is a remediation technique used to remove plant waste products from contaminated soils.

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Main (303) 279 4501
Fax (303) 278 1528
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Flowsheet Development

Process Development

Consulting and Field Services

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Environmental

Waste Characterization for Remediation

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 10 Jun 2013 21:07:02 +0000

Changing regulatory requirements drive the development of innovative technologies for cleaning up existing sites and treating wastes being generated, while minimizing future waste production. 91�� recognizes that successful treatment technologies must also be economically favorable.

We investigate and develop processing technologies for the remediation and recycling of waste materials. The critical first step in treatment technology development is waste characterization. Proper characterization of a waste includes determining both the chemical and physical properties of the material. To characterize a waste, 91�� follows standard analytical procedures, including those published by EPA and ASTM, for evaluating hazardous or nonhazardous waste materials. Waste characterization procedures identify important process baseline information that will be needed in the selection of the appropriate remediation methods. These methods may include, for example, any combination of technologies such as high- and low-temperature thermal treatment, chemical leaching, soil washing, and physical separations, waste stabilization, and bioremediation. Another important aspect of waste characterization studies is the valuable information that is provided prior to pilot testing of potential or selected remediation treatment technologies, particularly the associated and critical materials-handling requirements.

During pilot plant testing, materials-handling problems are identified, then solutions to these problems are developed and demonstrated while the process flow sheet is being evaluated. This information is essential for designing a waste remediation process that is both efficient and economical at the commercial level. 91��'s waste characterization capabilities are listed below. These procedures apply to both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes and cover a wide range of measurements necessary for developing the design of a remediation process.

Characterization Procedures for Waste Materials

Physical Characterization Methods

Moisture Content
Ash Content
Particle Size Distribution
Bulk Density
Atterburg Limit
Proctor Compaction Test
Microparticle Size Analysis
pH
Specific Gravity
Electrostatic and Magnetic Properties

Chemical Characterization Methods

Ultimate, Proximate, and Heating Value Analyses
Forms of Sulfur (Total, Sulfate, Sulfite)
Forms of Carbon (Total, Carbonate, Organic)
Cation Exchange Capacity
Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine)
Wet Chemical Sequential Extraction
Hazardous Substance List (HSL) Metals Analysis
Organics (Volatiles, Semivolatiles, Pesticides, PCBs, etc. by appropriate EPA method)
TCLP (Metals and Organics)
Generalized Acid Neutralization Capacity (Acetic Acid)
Reversed Generalized Acid Neutralization Capacity (Sodium Hydroxide)
Cyanide and Sulfide Reactivity
X-ray Fluorescence Metals Analysis
Thermogravimetric Analysis

Dry Solid or Ash Characterization Methods

TCLP Metals
TCLP Plus 25 Organics and 8 Herbicides/Pesticides
Optical Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, Electron Microprobe, and Scanning Electron Microscope Analyses for Mineral and Compound Identification
Hazardous Substance List (HSL) Metals Analysis
Elemental Ash Analysis
Differential Thermal Analysis
Ash Fusion Temperature

Introduction Copy:

Remediation of waste materials, both hazardous and nonhazardous, has become an important consideration for both government and private industry.

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Contact 91��

Main (303) 279 4501
Fax (303) 278 1528
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Service Applications:

Pilot Plants

Process Development

Consulting and Field Services

Capability Category:

Environmental

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Environmental

Hazardous Waste Treatment

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 10 Jun 2013 21:02:42 +0000

91�� has also performed numerous hazardous waste studies under Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD&D) regulations for studies exceeding the treatability study exemption limits.

Our hazardous waste experience includes treating Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) contaminated media, including the following:

Mercury, lead, arsenic, and other heavy metals
Semivolatile and volatile organic compounds
Cyanide
Petroleum
Radionuclides

Our treatment technologies include low temperature desorption, pyrolysis, thermal oxidation, vitrification, soil washing, leaching, solvent extraction, gravity separation, and chemical oxidation. All hazardous waste studies performed at 91�� are in full compliance with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) regulations.

In addition to our RCRA waste treatment capabilities, 91�� is authorized to perform treatment studies of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-, dioxin-, and furan-contaminated media under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) research exemption.

Our Radioactive Materials License (Colo. 77-02), issued by CDPHE, allows 91�� to perform studies on certain radioactive and mixed wastes. 91�� is certified by the EPA and many states for radiochemical analysis.

Introduction Copy:

In 1988, 91�� was the first company in Colorado to be authorized to perform studies under the hazardous waste treatability exemption.

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Contact 91��

Main (303) 279 4501
Fax (303) 278 1528
E-mail / Directions
Submit RFP

Service Applications:

Pilot Plants

Process Development

Consulting and Field Services

Capability Category:

Environmental

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Environmental

Waste Characterization

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 10 Jun 2013 21:01:25 +0000

Waste characterization studies are routinely executed at 91�� by our Mineralogical and Materials Laboratory and our other Analytical Laboratories. In addition to the gamut of standard elemental analyses and physical characterization tests, we offer the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), California Assessment Manual (CAM) Waste Extraction, cyanide reactivity, sulfide reactivity, ignitability, corrosivity, and proximate, ultimate, and gross heating value analyses.

Additionally, our Radiochemistry Laboratory is licensed to analyze samples containing naturally occurring low-level radionuclides. We specialize in the analysis of the uranium and thorium decay series. Determining the radioactive contaminant levels in water and soil samples from old uranium mill sites or tailings ponds and from other CERCLA sites is a typical application. These analyses are conducted by alpha and gamma spectroscopy and low-background beta counting. Various radiation-screening techniques, including gross alpha, beta, and gamma radiation screens, are also available.

Introduction Copy:

91�� can characterize the full range of contaminated solid and/or liquid matrices, including soils, sediments, sludges, dusts and ash, and all manner of aqueous effluents.

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Contact 91��

Main (303) 279 4501
Fax (303) 278 1528
E-mail / Directions
Submit RFP

Service Applications:

Flowsheet Development

Pilot Plants

Capability Category:

Environmental

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Environmental

hazen-research-admin — Mon, 03 Jun 2013 21:45:51 +0000

91�� has been a key contributor in the characterization of contaminants and remedial action process development for numerous contaminated sites. We generally work in conjunction with remedial action prime contractors to fully understand the nature and extent of the contamination. 91�� then performs bench and pilot scale experiments to help select and demonstrate the most effective and economical technology for site remediation.

Our services include the following:

Waste characterization
Hazardous waste treatability studies
Small process plant design and construction
Support of engineering and economic feasibility studies

Introduction Copy:

We offer expertise in the treatment of contaminated soils and liquid effluents, particularly heavy metals, organics, and radioactive wastes.

Main Image:

Add Contact Reference:

Contact 91��

Main (303) 279 4501
Fax (303) 278 1528
E-mail / Directions
Submit RFP

Capability Category:

Environmental

Page Icon:

Environmental

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91���� Research - Environmental

Soil Remediation and Washing

Past Projects, Facilities, and Permitting

Soil Remediation by Washing Flowsheet

Remediation via Bioreactor of Fuel-Contaminated Soils

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Waste Characterization for Remediation

Characterization Procedures for Waste Materials

Physical Characterization Methods

Chemical Characterization Methods

Dry Solid or Ash Characterization Methods

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Hazardous Waste Treatment

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Waste Characterization

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Environmental

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91�� Research - Environmental

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